Timeline: History of the Earth: Age of Promise Year 2108 - Year 2698

History of Creation
Year	Event	Notes	Date in B.C.E (Before the Common Era)
2108	Isaac is born in this year.  Before this, however, Abraham travels to Gerar and makes a covenant with Abimelech.  Sarah becomes pregnant.  After Isaac is weaned, Sarah urges Abraham to send Ishmael and Hagar away.  Abraham sends them away.  The 3rd Age begins; the Age of Promise.	If you notice in this story, God protects Hagar and Ishmael the whole time. It wasn't their faults that all this terrible stuff was happening to them.  Yes, God knew that Ishmael would be the father of the nation of Islam which would come against His people later in history.  He could have stopped this from happening by simply allowing Hagar and Ishmael to die in the Arabian Desert.  However, God loved Hagar and Ishmael too, for He is the God of all the Earth.  These two were not guilty of sin.  They suffered because of the sins of Abraham and Sarah.  Therefore, once again, we see that God is good and righteous.  Mankind, however, suffers because of their own sins.  Islam and Judaism and Christianity war today not because of God but because of the sins of mankind.  Sarah sinned by first not trusting God that God could and would fulfill His promise to Abraham.  That's why she took matters into her own hands and pressured Abraham to sleep with Hagar.  Abraham sinned the same sin that Adam had committed.  He allowed his wife to pressure him into losing faith in God.  Instead of standing up for what is right, Abraham allowed Sarah to talk him into taking matters into his own hands.  (Note: Unlike Adam, pride was not an issue with Abraham.  I am merely pointing out that Abraham sinned because he, like Adam, did not stand up for what was right but allowed his wife to persuade him to do wrong.)  Abraham even went so far as to send Hagar and Ishmael to their deaths because he would not stand up to his wife Sarah.  In a sense, he was sending them to their deaths.  However, at least with Abraham, he trusted that God would somehow save Hagar and Ishmael.  Sarah, however, didn't care.  She just wanted them gone and if they died they died.    This is not to say that Abraham and Sarah were bad people.  Abraham was always forgiven for these sins because his heart was towards God.  Sarah, God knew, was only thinking of Isaac and the future of Abraham's line, which was normal for a woman during this time.  She just wanted to make sure that Abraham, her beloved husband whom she loved so much, would have a son to carry on his family line, the line of promise; the lineage of Christ as promised in the Garden of Eden.  I'm not excusing her sin by far, but what I am saying is that a lot of women, in her position, would have done what she did.  She was old, she couldn't have children, she didn't have faith enough to see that God could make something like her having a baby happen at that point, and the only solution she could see was to have her servant produce for him an heir, which was a common practice for women in her position during those days.  Then she got jealous and stupid, thinking to herself how unfair it was that some Egyptian woman could have a baby for her husband but she couldn't, and she certainly didn't like that Hagar was enjoying her newfound position as Abraham's mate.  Then, the final straw, Ishmael at age 14 was making fun of Isaac and acting like Isaac would not be Abraham's heir, since he was the oldest.  Oh no!  Sarah would not have that.  She did not care what would happen to that boy at that point.  She wasn't about to have her son, the son of promise, ruled over by some Egyptian woman's son.  So once again she took matters into her own hands instead of just trusting that God would make sure Isaac was blessed and would be Abraham's heir even if the two brothers had grown up together.  So yes it was totally wrong, but I could see lots of people, even today, doing the same thing if they were in her shoes.  Unfortunately, because of it, now we all have to suffer, to this day, the war between Islam and Judaism/Christianity.	1977
2126	Sarlah dies		1959
2145	Sarah dies at 127 years old.		1940
2148	Eliezer is sent by Abraham to find a wife for Isaac.  He meets Rebekah and brings her back to Isaac to be Isaac's wife.	Eliezer was such a good guy.  He served Abraham faithfully for all the years and all the crazy things that Abraham experienced in the land of Canaan.  He even served Abraham in finding a wife for Isaac.  Now before Isaac and Ishmael were born, Abraham points out to God that Eliezer was Abraham's heir.  Therefore, Eliezer could have been greedy and evil and he could have easily sabotaged Abraham and Isaac at any point in order to steal all of the vast wealth Abraham had accumulated over the years.  Nevertheless, he didn't, and he served Abraham even to the end.  This indicates to me that Eliezer was probably Abraham's best friend and more like a brother than a servant.  One other thing I'd like to note during this event is that in Genesis 22 we see the genealogy of Nahor and it tells all about Nahor's sons.  There is one exception.  Rebekah is mentioned.  This is almost identical to the genealogy of Cain in Genesis 4.  Only Naamah is mentioned among all the boys mentioned in that passage.  As Rebekah is the only one mentioned here, one of two possibilities exist.  Either she literally was the only girl or she was the only one of importance because she was to be the wife of Isaac.  I think the second scenario is true, because in chapter 24 we see that Abraham sends Eliezer to Nahor to find a wife for Isaac.  Eliezer also has no idea which woman will be the best for Isaac.  Therefore, Eliezer prays to God to ask God to make it plain which woman should be Isaac's wife.  If Rebekah was the only girl in Nahor's family, Abraham would have simply sent Eliezer to ask for her hand in marriage and Eliezer would have prayed that God move the heart of Rebekah's father so that he might be willing to do this.  Instead, neither Abraham nor Eliezer knew who would be good for Isaac, so they simply trusted God for the answer.  This would only be the case if she wasn't the only girl.  This lends credibility to my theory that Naamah was the wife of Seth and that like Rebekah, she was only mentioned in the genealogy because of her connection to Adam's family.  In fact, like Rebekah's genealogy, I suspect that Cain's genealogy wouldn't have been written in Genesis at all if Naamah wasn't connected to the family in some way, either as Seth's wife or Enosh's.  Since Enosh is just born at the end of that chapter, this is why I suspect that Naamah was Seth's wife instead.	1937
2150	Abraham marries Keturah.	This is an approximate date.  The Bible doesn't really give us any indication as to when this occurred.  Note that this mention of Keturah and her sons is presented here largely because it later influenced the life of Moses and the Israelites.  One of Keturah's sons is Midian, and it was in Midianite country that Moses had fled after murdering the Egyptian slave-driver.  Moses' first wife was also a Midianite.  Therefore, their lineage was of importance.	1935
2158	Shem dies at 600 years old.		1927
2168	Esau and Jacob are born.	At some point near this event, there is a famine again like there was during the days of Abraham and Isaac makes a covenant with Abimelech.  It is unclear whether Jacob and Esau were born yet or if it happened prior to them being born.  I tend to wonder if it was prior to them being born since Isaac tells Abimelech that Rebekah is his sister, just as Abraham had with Sarah.  If there were children, Abimelech might have gotten suspicious that she was the mother, for certainly the children would have been with their mother.  Therefore, it is most likely that earlier in the year that the twins were born, Isaac and Rebekah came to Gerar to escape the famine and this event occurred.  Then, after being blessed with Abimelech, Rebekah became pregnant with Jacob and Esau and had them that same year.  Around this time, the pharaoh in Egypt that Isaac and Rebekah visited, was likely Mentuhotep III.  His family lineage is mostly a mystery, and he is not a pharaoh of any repute.  Again, as with Abram, the situation is similar.  The Bible also seems to imply that the pharaoh of Isaac's time is not a very major pharaoh.  He seems almost like the king of a lesser nation, like Abimelech.	1917
2183	Abraham dies at 175 years old.		1902
2187	Eber dies		1898
2208	Esau marries Judith and Basemath.		1877
2231	Ishmael dies at 137 years old.		1854
2238	Isaac gives Jacob his blessing.  Jacob leaves.  Esau marries Mahalath.  Jacob serves Laban 7 years for Leah, 7 years for Rachel and 7 more years.  He has all of his children during this 21 years.		1847
2259	Joseph is born.  Jacob asks Laban to allow him to return to Canaan.  Laban makes a deal with Jacob, and Jacob uses a trick to acquire most of Laban's flocks.  Jacob then flees to Canaan.  At some point during this time, Jacob meets up with Esau again and then settles in Shechem.  The incident with Dinah occurs and the sons of Jacob slaughter the Shechemites, plundering all of their goods.  Therefore, Jacob leaves Shechem and begins to make his way to Bethel.		1826
2268	Jacob returns to Canaan.  Benjamin is born.  Rachel dies in Canaan near Bethlehem.	This is an approximate date, for the Bible does not really give any indication as to when Benjamin was born and when Rachel died.	1817
2276	Joseph is 17 when sold to Egypt.		1809
2287	Joseph is wrongly accused by Potiphar's wife.  He is locked in prison and interprets the dreams of the baker and the butler.		1798
2288	Isaac dies at 180 years old.		1797
2289	Joseph is 30 when he begins to rule in Egypt.	Senusret II seems to fit very nicely as the king of Egypt during this time.  His reign would likely have begun roughly around 1897 B.C.E. and it lasted most likely until 1878 B.C.E.  If you notice, however, the date in this timeline shows that Joseph was in Egypt about 1796 B.C.E.  Nevertheless, if you look at the Egyptian timeline according to historians you will find a lot of disagreements and a lot of hypotheses.  Some even say that the timeline that is typically provided could be off as much as 350 years.  Therefore, it wouldn't be that far off to assume Senusret II was the king during this time especially if we consider that we bumped the date of when Djedkare Isesi's reign began, as noted in the Year 1757.  The first clue that Senusret II is likely the king is Senusret II had no listed military campaigns and in fact built up relations in Egypt and the Near East.  During Senusret II's reign, Egypt went through a period of prosperity and peace.  This fits perfectly because Joseph increased the wealth and prosperity of Egypt by selling the stored up grain to all the neighboring lands, uniting Egypt and creating good relations with the other nations by saving their lives during the great famine of that time.  Also, Senusret II focused a lot on implementing new irrigation systems and the cultivation of land to increase Egypt's crop productions.  It seemed he focused a good deal on expanding the natural resources, both food and water, in Egypt.  Why was he so focused on this?  Could it be that Joseph was the one to encourage these projects and to manage them during those 7 years of plenty so that by the time the 7 years of famine hit they had enough food stores?  Finally, I believe that Ahmose I was the pharaoh who rose up at the time of Moses' birth, when the Egyptians enslaved the Hebrews and slaughtered the newborns.  Ahmose I fits very well into the profile of the pharaoh of that time, and he came about 347 years after Senusret II.  If my timeline is correct, there were actually only 329 years between the two, but again, historians don't seem to have a solid timeline.	1796
2296	Joseph is 37 when the Famine begins.		1789
2297	Joseph's brothers come to him for food for the first time.		1788
2298	Jacob enters Egypt at 130 years old.  Before this occurs, the brothers come to Joseph again in hopes of getting food, this time bringing Benjamin.  Joseph is 39.	The timeline of Joseph and Jacob is a bit difficult to piece together.  One must first go to this year, when Jacob enters Egypt, and then backtrack from here to put together the full timeline.  Jacob was 130 years old when he entered Egypt.  That means that if he was born in the Year 2168, he entered Egypt in the Year 2298.  Joseph was 30 when he rose to power in Egypt.  He immediately began to manage the crops for 7 years, storing it up.  Therefore, Joseph was 37 when the famine began.  At one point, Joseph tells his brothers that the famine had been going on for 2 years, and this occurred just before they went and fetched Jacob and brought him into Egypt.  Therefore, Joseph was 39 when Jacob entered Egypt.  That means that Joseph was born in the year 2259, for that was 39 years prior to 2298.  This being the case, we can then determine that Jacob left Isaac to go work for Laban in the Year 2238 because he served Laban for 21 years, and the scriptures say that just after Joseph was born Jacob left Laban.	1787
2315	Jacob dies at 147 years old.		1770
2369	Joseph dies at 110 years old	Note that finally the mortality rate of humans is dropping to close to what God had said to Noah after the Flood.  It didn't happen overnight.  It was a process that took place over the span of hundreds of years.	1716
2618	Moses is born	Ahmose I fits very well into the Bible story about Moses and the slaughter of the Hebrew children at Moses' birth.  According to history, Kamose, Ahmose's brother, along with practically Ahmose's entire family, were killed when Thebes rebelled against the Hyksos, rulers of Lower Egypt.  He was only seven when his father was killed and ten when his brother, who had taken his father's throne, was killed.  Kamose was the last of the 17th dynasty, and Ahmose was the first of the 18th dynasty.  During Ahmose's reign, he completed the conquest and expulsion of the Hyksos and regained control over Egypt's former subject territories of Nubia and Canaan.  He reorganized the administration of the country and reopened mines and quarries and trade routes and began massive construction projects that had not been undertaken since the time of the Middle Kingdom.  Slavery in Egypt also began during his rule.  Therefore, it makes sense that, in a time of great warfare and turmoil, Ahmose would have been a harsh tyrant who would have seen the Israelites as a potential threat against his enemies.  He also, having lost his family at a young age, would not have seen the murder of young babies as such a big moral issue.  To him, it would have simply been the way of the world.  It is interesting to note that although some say that Ahmose's reign began in 1550 B.C.E., according to other sources, it is possible that his reign began as early as 1570.  Since his story seems to more fit as far as the profile for the pharaoh of the story in the Bible, I think it makes sense that a good date for the beginning of his reign is likely 1467 B.C.E., keeping in mind, again, that the timeline most historians use is off here by about 100 years or so (see Year 2298.  Wikipedia: Ahmose's reign can be fairly accurately dated using the Heliacal rise of Sirius in his successor's reign, but because of disputes over from where the observation was made, he has been assigned a reign from 1570–1546, 1560–1537 and 1551–1527 by various sources.	1467
2658	Moses murders the Egyptian and flees Egypt to Midianite country.	If Ahmose I was king of Egypt when Moses was a baby, then the king who ruled at the time Moses killed the Egyptian was Amenhotep I.  His wife was Meritamun who was also his sister.  She died young, so even if she was the one who had rescued Moses from the river, thus making him her son, she would have likely died by this time.  Therefore, Amenhotep I would almost certainly not spare Moses from justice over the killing of the Egyptian worker since his adopted mother was no longer around to stand up for him.  This would explain why he fled Egypt in fear, for his adopted father, Amenhotep I, was likely not very fond of him in the first place.  This would have just given Amenhotep I cause to get rid of Moses once and for all.  Amenhotep I never had an heir.  This likely means that he had problems conceiving, for he had several wives.  This also fits with the story of Moses, for his wife, Ahmose I's daughter, Meritamun, would have wanted a child for her own very badly.  It was a dishonor to her that she did not have any children, and they likely blamed her.  Thus, seeing Moses floating in a river, she would have viewed it as if the gods were blessing her with a son of her own.  This means that Moses would have likely been the true heir of Egypt, if he had not killed the Egyptian and fled.  Well, that is, provided Amenhotep I actually considered him a son.  Since Moses fled, I'm thinking he only kept Moses around because of his late wife, and because she likely had told everyone that he was a gift from the gods.  Therefore, no one would have wanted to cast Moses out for fear of retribution from the gods.  Amenhotep died without an heir, since Moses fled, so Thutmose I became the new king.	1427
2659	Caleb and Joshua are born	Thutmose I was married to Amenhotep I's sister Aames.  That is likely why he took the throne upon Amenhotep I's death, since Amenhotep I had no heirs.  It is likely that Thutmose I began to rule in about 1520 B.C.E. and his reign probably ended in 1508.  He fits very well into the Biblical account.  During his reign, he built up the Egyptian military and led many campaigns.  More importantly, however, he was quite active in his building campaigns.  This means that the poor Israelites would have endured no end of harsh labor at his hand.  Their cries most assuredly would have increased towards God because of all that Thutmose I was forcing them to do.  Wikipedia: Thutmose I organized great building projects during his reign, including many temples and tombs, but his greatest projects were at the Temple of Karnak under the supervision of the architect Ineni.  Previous to Thutmose, Karnak probably consisted only of a long road to a central platform, with a number of shrines for the solar bark along the side of the road.  Thutmose was the first king to drastically enlarge the temple.  Thutmose had the fifth pylon built along the temple's main road, along with a wall to run around the inner sanctuary and two flagpoles to flank the gateway.  Outside of this, he built a fourth pylon and another enclosure wall.  Between pylons four and five, he had a hypostyle hall constructed, with columns made of cedar wood.  This type of structure was common in ancient Egyptian temples, and supposedly represents a papyrus marsh, an Egyptian symbol of creation.  Along the edge of this room he built colossal statues, each one alternating wearing the crown of Upper Egypt and the crown of Lower Egypt.  Finally, outside of the fourth pylon, he erected four more flagpoles and two obelisks, although one of them, which now has fallen, was not inscribed until Thutmose III inscribed it about 50 years later.  The cedar columns in Thutmose I's hypostyle hall were replaced with stone columns by Thutmose III, however at least the northernmost two were replaced by Thutmose I himself.  Hatshepsut also erected two of her own obelisks inside of Thutmose I's hypostyle hall.  In addition to Karnak, Thutmose I also built statues of the Ennead at Abydos, buildings at Armant, Ombos, el-Hiba, Memphis, and Edfu, as well as minor expansions to buildings in Nubia, at Semna, Buhen, Aniba, and Quban.  Thutmose I was the first king who definitely was buried in the Valley of the Kings.
2680	Around this date Eleazar is born to Aaron.  We know that he was born before the Exodus for he is one of the sons consecrated as priest in Exodus before the Wandering begins.  However, he would not have been 20 or older for only Joshua and Caleb were 20 or older at the time of the Wandering.		1405
2698	Moses leads Israel out of Egypt; the Exodus begins.  End of the Age of Promise.	Thutmose II seems to be the individual who most closely matches the Biblical account as far as who the king was during the Exodus.  Thutmose I and Thutmose III were too well documented, and interestingly, Thutmose III ruled as co-regent with his step-mother and aunt.  He was also NOT Thutmose II's eldest son, but the son of Thutmose II's second wife, Iset.  This would make sense with the Biblical account because Pharaoh's oldest son died during the last plague, and Pharaoh himself likely died in the Red Sea when he led the Egyptian armies into it after the Israelites.  With so many of the Egyptians dead from plagues and from the Red Sea, who would be left but Thutmose II's wife and aunt to help Thutmose III lead Egypt out of such a terrible time.  Here is what Wikipedia has to say about Thutmose II: Thutmose II is one of the more popular candidates for the Pharaoh of the Exodus. Alfred Edersheim proposes in his Old Testament Bible History that Thutmose II is best qualified to be the pharaoh of Exodus based on the fact that he had a brief, prosperous reign and then a sudden collapse with no son to succeed him. His widow Hatshepsut then became first Regent (for Thutmose III) then Pharaoh in her own right. Edersheim states that Thutmose II is the only Pharaoh's mummy to display cysts, possible evidence of plagues that spread through the Egyptian and Hittite Empires at that time.	1387